Cabinet — A file that contains one or more files, usually compressed

Cache — A special memory subsystem that stores the contents of frequently accessed RAM locations and the addresses where these data items are stored. In Windows NT, for example, user profiles have a locally cached copy of part of the registry.

Cache Buffer — Memory value in the Server Memory Statistics (in MONITOR.NLM utility) that shows the amount of memory that is currently being used for file caching. This percentage should be 60% or higher for better performance.

Cache Buffer Pool — The amount of memory that is available for the operating system to use after loading the SERVER.EXE file into memory.

CACHE BUFFER SIZE — NET.CFG parameter to set up the size of the cache buffers that the FIO module uses.

CACHE BUFFERS — NET.CFG parameter that sets the number of 512-byte buffers the DOS Requester will use for local caching of non-shared, non-transaction tracked files. Cache buffers are used to cache files.

Cache Memory — The largest single type of memory upon server initialization.

Cache Movable — Memory used for dynamic data structures such as FATs and hash tables. It is called movable because memory blocks are moved around to avoid fragmentation.

Cache Movable Memory — Memory value in the Server Memory Statistics that indicates how much memory is being used out of the Cache pool for system tables such as FAT and Hash tables. This memory is allocated directly from

Cache Non-Movable Memory — Memory value in the Server Memory Statistics that indicates how much memory is used by NLMs and server-based applications that need large memory buffers to perform a task. This memory is allocated directly from the Cache pool and returned to the Cache pool when freed.

CACHE WRITES — Parameter used by the NetWare DOS Requester. If this parameter is OFF, the data integrity increases, but the performance decreases. If it is ON, there is a danger of data loss if the server runs out of the disk space between write requests.

Caching — (1) A speed optimization technique that keeps a copy of the most recently used data in a fast, high-cost, low-capacity storage device rather that in the device upon which the actual data resides. Caching assumes that recently used data is likely to be used again. Fetching data from the cache is faster than fetching data from the slower, larger storage device. Most caching algorithms also copy the data most likely to be used next and perform write caching to further increase speed gains.
(2) In DNS name resolution, caching refers to a local cache where information about the DNS domain name space is kept. Whenever a resolver request arrives, the local name server checks both its static information and the cache for the name to IP address mapping. See also DNS; IP address; mapping.

Calculator — A Windows accessory program that allows you to perform standard or scientific calculations. It graphically emulates a hand-held calculator.

Call manager — The component that implements the media-specific signaling protocol for virtual circuit (connection) management on connection-oriented networks

Can't Compress (Cc) Attr# — A status flag which indicates that a file is unable to be compressed due to insignificant space savings.\

CAPTURE — A NetWare command used to print data to a network printer. The data may be screen dumps or data from an application that is not designed to run on networks.

Capture — The process by which Network Monitor copies frames. (A frame is information that has been divided into smaller pieces by the network software prior to transmission.) See also capture; frame.

Capture buffer — Refers to a reserved, resizable storage area in memory where Network Monitor copies all frames it detects from the network. When the capture buffer overflows, each new frame replaces the oldest frame in the buffer.

Capture filter — Functions like a database query to single out a subset of frames to be monitored in Network Monitor. You can filter on the basis of source and destination addresses, protocols, protocol properties, or by specifying a pattern offset. See also capture; frame.

Capture password — Required to be able to capture statistics from the network and to display captured data using Network Monitor.

Capture trigger — Performs a specified action (such as starting an executable file) when Network Monitor detects a particular set of conditions on the network.

CardBus — A 32-bit PC Card

Caret — Another name for the blinking cursor that indicates the insertion point in a text field.

CASTOFF — A NetWare command used to block messages from other workstations.

CASTON — A NetWare command used to allow the workstation to receive messages again from other network users after CASTOFF has been used.

catalog — See backup catalog.

Category 3 — 24 gauge UTP capable of data tranfer at speeds of up to 10 Mbps.

Category 4 — 24 gauge UTP capable of data tranfer at speeds of up to 20 Mbps.

Category 5 — 24 gauge UTP capable of data tranfer at speeds of up to 100 Mbps. A standard for data transmission cable. Category 5 is the standard for network installations because it allows 100Mbps and 1Gbps data speeds. The category number has to do with the number of twists per foot, more twists means fast reliable transmission speeds. See also, UTP.

CATNIP — Acronym for Common Architecture for Next Generation Internet Protocol, it is one of the three IPng candidates.

CBCP — Acronym for Callback Control Protocol, which negotiates callback information with a remote client.

CBT — Computer Based Training. An interactive, multimedia instructional software in which applications created are called courses, and each course displays frames that contain several pieces of information. Each frame takes advantage of different media such as text, graphics, and animation to help deliver the message.

CCP — Acronym for Compression Control Protocol, which negotiates compression with a remote client.

CDDIE — Copper Distributed Data Interface. A new form of FDDI which uses copper instead of fiber and supports shorter distances when compared to FDDI.

CDFS — CD-ROM file system, which controls access to the contents of CD-ROM drives

CDM — Custom Device Module. Component of the driver in the NetWare Peripheral Architecture that is used to drive a specific storage device attached to the host adapter.

CD-ROM — A format for storing digital data on a compact disk. A single CD-ROM can store approximately 682 MB of data.

CD-ROM — Compact disc read-only memory. A laser-encoded optical memory storage medium

CDROM — Loadable module used to configure a CD-ROM disc to act as a NetWare volume.

Cell — In a spreadsheet, the intersection of a row and column forms a cell in which you can enter information or a formula.

CEMM.EXE — A 386 expanded memory manager provided with all Compaq 386 computers.

Central Processing — A process whereby all applications and jobs are executed in the central processing unit of a mainframe or minicomputer.

Centralized Administration — A design approach of the Directory tree's lower layers in which the administration of the entire tree is limited to only one person or group (usually the Information System Department). That group will create lower layers as needed.

Centralized Computing — A computing (processing) system where all the data storage and processing capabilities are provided by one central computer (called the host or mainframe). The connected terminals have very little or no processing power and are often called "dumb" terminals.

Centralized network administration — A centralized view of the entire network from any workstation on the network that provides the ability to track and manage information on users, groups, and resources in a distributed network.

Change log — An inventory of the most recent changes made to the directory database such as new or changed passwords, new or changed user and group accounts, and any changes to associated group memberships and user rights. Change logs provide fault tolerance, so if your system crashes before a write completes, Windows NT can complete the write the next time you boot. This log holds only a certain number of changes, however, so when a new change is added, the oldest change is deleted. See also directory database; fault tolerance.

Channel — (1) A physical or logical path for signal transmission. It is a division of the transmission media's total bandwidth. (2) A push technology that allows users to subscribe to a Web site to browse offline, automatically display updated pages on their screen savers, and download or receive notifications when pages in the Web site are modified

Channel bar — An area on the user’s Active Desktop that displays all the subscribed channels

Channel Definition Format (CDF) file — A file that specifies the content of an Active Channel and when and how that content should be delivered to the user

CHAP — Acronym for Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol, it is the authentification scheme for PPP where the password not only is required to begin connection but is also required during the connection - failure to provide a correct password during either the login or challenge mode will result in disconnect.  CHAP is also used by Microsoft RAS to negotiate the most secure form of encrypted authentication supported by both server and client. See also encryption.

Character Map — A Windows accessory program that allows you to view and copy symbol-type fonts into the Clipboard.

Character-based interface — The traditional user interface common to non-Windows applications, where all screen images are made up of text characters.

Check Box — In a dialog box, a square box you check or uncheck to indicate whether an option is on or off. When a check box is selected, an X or a check mark appears in the box.

Check It Pron — A diagnostic program that provides configuration information about computer hardware.

Checksum — A calculated value used to test data for the presence of errors that can occur when data is transmitted or when it is written to disk. This mathematical computation is used to verify the accuracy of data in TCP/IP packets. See also packet; TCP/IP.

Checksum — An error detection scheme used with the EBCDIC code since there is no option to do parity bit checking as in the ASCII code.

Child — A data set that does not have subordinate data sets. This term is used with SBACKUP.

Child VLM — A VLM that handles a specific implementation of a logical grouping of functionality.

Chip set — A collection of integrated circuits designed to be used together for a specific purpose

CHKDIR — A NetWare 3.1x command used to view information about a directory or a volume.

CHKVOL — A NetWare 3.1x command used to view information about a particular volume.

Choose — To pick an item that begins an action in Windows NT. You often click a command on a menu to perform a task, and you click an icon to start an application.

Chooser — The Macintosh desk accessory with which users select the network server and printers they want to use.

Chooser Pack — A collection of files, some of which contain PostScript information. When a Macintosh sends a print job to a PostScript printer, the printer uses a Chooser Pack to interpret PostScript commands in the print job. See PostScript printer; print processor.

Circuit — A communication path between two devices that can carry electrical current.

Circuit Switching — A method of routing traffic through a switching center, from local users or from other switching centers, whereby a connection is established between the calling and called stations until the connection is released by the called or calling station.

Clean boot — Booting or starting a computer using the minimum system files in the operating system

Clean installation — Installation of an operating system on a new computer or a computer with a reformatted hard disk

Clear — To turn off an option by removing the X or check mark from a check box. You clear a check box by clicking it, or by selecting it and then pressing the SPACEBAR.

Cleartext passwords — Passwords that are not scrambled, thus making them more susceptible to network sniffers. See also network sniffer.

Click — To press and release a mouse button quickly.

Client — (1) A computer that accesses shared network resources provided by another computer, called a server. See also server; workstation.
(2) A process that requests a service provided by another program (called a server). See server (3) Any device which requests services from a server, e.g. workstation (personal computer), a printer, or another server. leaf objects.

Client application — Any Windows application that can accept, display, and store Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) objects. In DDE, the application that initiates the conversation. For distributed applications, the application that imitates a request to a server application. See also server application, DCOM, DCOM Configuration tool.

Client for Microsoft Networks — A 32-bit, protected-mode file system driver to support all Microsoft networking products that use the SMB file-sharing protocol

Client Service for NetWare — Included with Windows NT Workstation, enabling workstations to make direct connections to file and printer resources at NetWare servers running NetWare 2.x or later.Clipboard

Client Software — Also called Workstation Software. It is software that connects the workstation to the file server and allows application programs at the workstation to communicate with the network operating system.

Client/Server — A network architecture that dedicates certain computers called servers to act as service providers to computers called clients, which users operate to perform work.

Client/Server Applications — Applications that are split into two components: computer-intensive processes that run on application servers and user interfaces that run on clients. Client/server applications communicate over the network through interprocess communication mechanisms. SAP R/3 is an example of a client/server application.

Client/Server computing — A mode of distributed network computing in which an application is executed cooperatively by two computers. The client component of the application (the front end) executes on one node, while the server component (the back end) runs on a second node. For PCs, communications between the nodes is implemented most frequently using the named pipes interprocess communication (IPC) protocol. Client/server computing allows more effective use of computing resources, higher performance, greater flexibility, simpler upgrades, and (for some applications) greater reliability and data integrity.

Client-Server NetworkA — Also known as Server-Centric, it is a network that has a dedicated computer (called a server) to provide file services and manage shared resources. Other computers (called clients) get services from the server.

Clipboard — A temporary storage area in a memory that holds text, data, graphics or other information that has been "cut" or "copied" so that it may be "pasted" elsewhere. As long as Windows is running, the contents of the clipboard are secure. However, the contents are replaced whenever new text, data, or graphics are "cut" or "copied". A temporary storage area in memory, used to transfer information. You can cut or copy information onto the Clipboard and then paste it into another document or application.

Clipboard Viewer — A Windows accessory program that allows you to view information that is stored in the clipboard. It also allows you to save the clipboards contents for future use.

CLNP — Acronym for Connectionless Network Protocol the OSI equivalent to Internet IP, sometimes called ISO IP. The OSI protocol for providing the OSI Connectionless Network Service (datagram service).

Clock — A Windows accessory program that displays the system time.

Clock speed — The rate in which the computer clock oscillates, usually given in MHz (one million cycles per second). The computer’s clock rate is a prime determinant of overall processing speed. Typical clock speeds for AT-compatibles are 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20 MHz; for 80386 machines, typical speeds are 16, 20, 25, and 33 MHz.

Clocking — The process in digital signal transmissions which helps transmitters and receivers maintain the synchronization.

Close — To remove a window or dialog box, or quit an application. You close a window by clicking Close on the Control menu, or by clicking on the close button icon in the upper right corner of the dialog box. When you close an application window, you quit the application.

Close Button — An X at the right end of a title bar that, when clicked, exits an application; equivalent to the application control menu’s Close command.

CLR — (Cell Loss Ratio) ATM performance parameter which specifies the ratio of lost (non-delivered) cells to the total cells transmitted over a given virtual circuit.

CLS — A login script and console command to clear the screen.

CLTP — (Connectionless Transport Protocol) The OSI equivalent to UDP. Provides for end-to-end Transport data addressing and error control, but cannot guarantee delivery or provide flow control.

Cluster — A specified number of sectors grouped together by the FORMAT command. The number is determined by the size of the logical drive. A cluster is the smallest storage unit for storing files.

CMIP — (Common Management Information Protocol) The network management protocol defined by OSI specifications. Used to convey CMIS defined operations over an OSI network.

CMIS — (Common Management Information Services) The portion of the OSI network management specification which defines the management services available to a network management system (works with CMIP).

CMOS RAM — Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, which provides high speed and extremely low power consumption, RAM.Memory that is used to store system configuration data such as amount of memory, number of drives, and types of drives. It is battery powered to maintain information (such as date and time) when the computer is turned off.

CMOT — (CMIP Over TCP) A historical effort to use the OSI network management protocol to manage TCP/IP networks.

Coaxial Cable — Bounded transmission media that consists of an inner conductor surrounded by an insulator that is enclosed in a wire mesh or metal sheath.

Code and Data Memory — Memory value in the Server Memory Statistics that shows amount of memory NetWare operating system and NLMs use to store their codes and data.

Code page — A table that stores a character set supporting one or more language scripts. For MS-DOS version 3.3 and later, a table that relates the keys on the keyboard to the characters displayed on the screen, thereby providing support for the character sets and keyboard layouts used in different countries. Code page 437 is the code page for the United States.

Codec — Coder/Decoder. A device used for coding analog data (e.g.,voice data) into a digital signal. The receiving codec reconstructs the analog data. Also, refers to compression/decompression technology for digital video and stereo audio

Cold docking — Insertion or removal of a device in the system before which the device must be powered off or restarted

Collaborative Computing — Also called cooperative processing, it is a computing (processing) system in which different networkcomputers share processing abilities to accomplish the same processing task. This contrasts with the distributed computing where each computer processes its own application, but there is no cooperation among computers to process a single task.

Collapse — To hide additional directory levels below a selected directory in the directory tree.

Collision — An unwanted condition in which two packets are being transmitted over a medium at the same time, resulting in destruction of the data. Ethernet (CSMA/CD) allows any network device to transmit after it listens for a silence. Since more than one device can "hear" a transmission silence, they could both start transmitting at the same time. If they do, it is called a collision. The colliding devices will both send a jamming signal and wait a random amount of time before trying to retransmit. Some collisions are normal, but a large amount of collisions is usually a sign that a device on the network is malfunctioning or is improperly configured.

Color scheme — A combination of complementary colors for screen elements.

COLORPAL — A NetWare command used to paint a color scheme on the user's menu screen.

Concentrator — Any communications device that allows a shared transmission medium to accommodate more data sources than there are channels currently available within the transmission medium.

Configuration management — The process of obtaining information from network devices and using it to manage their setups.

COM Port — Communications port. A serial hardware interface conforming to the RS-232 standard for low-speed serial communications.

COM Ports — Asynchronous serial ports that is used on IBM PC compatible computers.

COMCHECK — This utility is used to test the communication between the file server and workstations.

Command — Any order or instruction given to a computer to carry out a particular task. Often presented as a word or phrase, usually found on a menu, that you click to carry out an action. You click a command on a menu or type a command at the Windows NT command prompt. You can also type a command in the Run dialog box, which you open by clicking Run on the Start menu.

Command button — A button in a dialog box that carries out or cancels the selected action. Common command buttons are OK, Apply, and Cancel. Clicking a command button that contains an ellipsis (for example, Browse... ) causes another dialog box to appear.

Command Format — Instructions on how to type a command using the keyboard. It is also called syntax.

Command interface — A user interface that requires the user to enter commands at the command prompt. Also called command-line interface.

Command Line Utilities — Commands executed from the system prompt.

Command prompt — A screen symbol such as C:> that requests user input. Also called the MS-DOS prompt.

Common groups — Common groups appear in the program list on the Start menu for all users who log on to the computer. Only Administrators can create or change common groups.

Communication Buffer — A specific area in the NetWare server's memory used to temporarily hold data packets that are arriving from the workstations.

Communications settings — Settings that specify how information is transferred from your computer to a device (usually a printer or modem).

Community names — A group of hosts to which a server belongs that is running the SNMP service. The community name is placed in the SNMP packet when the trap is sent. Typically, all hosts belong to Public, which is the standard name for the common community of all hosts. See also SNMP; packet; trap.

Compact — A command-line utility used to compress files on NTFS volumes. To See command line options, type compact /? at the command prompt. This utility can also be accessed by right-clicking any file or directory on an NTFS volume in Windows NT Explorer and clicking Properties to compress or uncompress the files.

Compare Right — A property right to compare against the value of a property.

Compatibility mode — A mode protocol defined in IEEE P1284 that provides a byte-wide channel from a computer to a peripheral

Complete Name — See Distinguished Name.

Component Object Model (COM) — The object-oriented programming model that defines how objects interact within a single application or between applications. In COM, client software accesses an object through a pointer to an interface—a related set of functions called methods—on the object

Compound device — A device that plays specific media files. For example, to run a compound device such as a MIDI sequencer, you must specify a MIDI file.

Compound document — A document file that contains embedded and linked data that was created in other kinds of applications.

Compressed (Co) — A status flag denoting that a file is compressed.

Compressed Volume File (CVF) — A file with read-only, hidden, and system attributes, and that contains a compressed drive

Compression — A space optimization scheme that reduces the size (length) of a data set by exploiting the fact that most useful data contains a great deal of redundancy. Compression reduces redundancy (and thus space) by creating symbols smaller than the data they represent and an index that defines the value of the symbols for each compressed set of data.

Computer — A device capable of performing automatic calculations based upon lists of instructions called programs. The computer feeds the results of these calculations (output) to peripheral devices that can represent them in useful ways, such as graphics on a screen or ink on a paper.

Computer account — Each computer running Windows NT Workstation and Windows NT Server that participates in a domain has its own account in the directory database. A computer account is created when the computer is first identified to the domain during network setup at installation time.

Computer Browser service — Maintains an up-to-date list of computers, and provides the list to applications when requested. Provides the computer lists displayed in the Network Neighborhood, Select Computer, and Select Domain dialog boxes; and (for Windows NT Server only) in the Server Manager window.

Computer name — A unique name of up to 15 uppercase characters that identifies a computer to the network. The name cannot be the same as any other computer or domain name in the network.

Computer ObjectX — A leaf object used to represent a workstation or a router. It contains properties such as a computer serial number, a computer operator, or a network address.

COMSPECC — A login script command to specify the directory that DOS will use to reload the COMMAND.COM if it has been overwritten by an application.

CONFIG — A console command used to display configuration information including the name and internal network number of the server, the LAN driver loaded, NIC information, and the name of the protocol in use.

CONFIG.SYS — A DOS configuration file.

Configure — To change the initial setup of a client, a Macintosh-accessible volume, a server, or a network.

Congestion Problem — A problem with Token Ring networks when a user experiences long delays or momentary hang-ups while using database files due to congestion.

CONN.VLM — A VLM that manages connections and provides other VLMs with connection information.

Connect — To assign a drive letter, port, or computer name to a shared resource so that you can use it with Windows NT.

Connected user — A user accessing a computer or a resource across the network.

Connection — A software link between a client and a shared resource such as a printer or a shared directory on a server. Connections require a network card or modem.

Connection Number — A number assigned to a workstation that is attached to a NetWare server or processes, print servers, and applications that use the server connections.

CONNECTIONS _ — NET.CFG parameter to set the maximum number of connections the NetWare DOS Requester supports.

Console — Monitor to view a NetWare server. Commands executed from the console prompt.

Console Operator — A user or a group that has the rights to manage the NetWare server.

Consultative Committee for International Telegraphy and Telephony. — The best known standards organization for telecommunications who makes technical recommendations on telegraph, telephone, and data communication interfaces. Two popular CCITT standards are V.24 and X.25. CCITT is now the International Telecommunications Union (ITU).

Container applications — Applications that maintain compound documents

Container Login Script — A login script supported by NetWare 4 that sets up a general environment for all users in that container. It is a property of the Organization and Organizational Unit Objects.

Container Object — A type or class of NDS objects that contains or holds other objects, which may be other container objects or

CONTEXT —A NetWare 4 login script command to change the user's current context in the NDS tree.

Context (definition) — The location of an object in the NDS tree. The context of an object refers to its container, and because leaf objects cannot contain objects, context cannot be set to a leaf object.

Context switching — The kind of multitasking that is done in standard mode Windows, where the CPU switches from one task to another, rather than allocating time to each task in turn, as in timeslicing.

Control codes — Codes that specify terminal commands or formatting instructions (such as linefeeds or carriage returns) in a text file. Control codes are usually preceded by a caret (^).

Control Command — A NetWare NMENU source command that performs an action such as running an application or prompting the user for input.

Control Icon — Also called the control menu icon, the symbol located at the left end of a title bar opens a menu that enables you to manipulate the application window.

Control menu — See window menu; pop-up menu.

Control Panel — A folder that contains options that provide an interface which can be used to control the function of specific operating system services by allowing users to change default settings for the service to match their preferences. The registry contains the Control Panel settings.

Controlled Access Unit. — An active device used to connect terminals in a ring topology. It needs electrical power, and it has intelligence to participate in network management.

Controller — See primary domain controller; backup domain controller.

Controller Board. — A device that makes a computer able to communicate with other devices such as a hard drive or a tape drive.

Conventional Memory — A memory type designed for DOS to directly use 640 KB of RAM. All DOS programs basically run in 640 KB of memory.

Conventional memory — The physical memory in a PC from 0K to 640K which MS-DOS uses this memory to run applications. Newer operating systems are not limited to conventional memory.

Conversation — Two Windows applications using DDE to exchange data. The conversation is conducted through a channel. DDE client is the application that initiated the conversation; DDE server is the application that responds to the DDE client.

Cookies — A means by which, under the HTTP protocol, a server or a script can maintain state or status information on the client workstation. In other words, a cookie is bits of information about a person's visit to a Web page. A cookie can include such information as the way a Web page was customized or how a visitor shopped on a Web site, or it can be used to track repeat visits

Cooperative Multitasking — A multitasking scheme in which each process must voluntarily return time to a central scheduling route. If any single process fails to return to the central scheduler, the computer will lock up. Both Windows and the Macintosh operating system use this scheme.

Copy — To duplicate information. In Windows, this term also indicates placing selected information from a file in the Clipboard. This precedes "pasting".

Copy Inhibit (Ci) Attr — A file attribute that prevents users from copying the file. This attribute is valid on Macintosh workstations only.

Country Object — A type of container object that specifies the country where the network is, e.g. the US.CRC — Cyclic Redundancy Check.An error-checking procedure used to check the integrity of transmitted blocks.

CPU — An abbreviation for the computer’s central processing unit.

CRC/Alignment Error — A typical Ethernet error that occurs when a legal sized packet (64 to 1518 bytes) was received with a faulty Frame Check Sequence (FCS), or the packet was not evenly divisible by 8 (the number of bits in a byte).

Create Right. — An object right to create subordinate objects (underneath the object to which the Create right was given).

Crosstalk — A source of problems related to the electrical environment that occurs when two wires in physical proximity interfere with each other's signals via magnetic fields.  Any undesired capacitive, inductive, or conductive coupling from one circuit, part of a circuit, or channel, to another could be deemed crosstalk.

Cryptography — The principles, means, and methods for rendering plain information unintelligible and for restoring encrypted information to intelligible form.

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) — A contention technique that allows multiple stations to successfully share a broadcast channel by avoiding contention via carrier sense and deference, and managing collisions via collision detection and packet retransmission.

CSMA/CDC7 — Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. It is a form of a media access method known as contention. In contention LANs, each node monitors the network, and if no signal is detected, the node transmits. If a signal is detected, the node waits until the transmission is completed and the network is clear, then the node transmits. Each node also detects collision after transmission.

CSU/DSUX — Channel Service Unit/Digital Service Unit. Devices used to connect DTEs (Data Terminal Equipment, such as computers, routers, or remote bridges) to digital services (such as a T1 line) for WAN. In functionality, they are comparable to modems.

Current Context — The default point of reference used by a workstation to find other objects in the tree.

Current directory — The directory that you are currently working in. Also called current folder.

Current Disk Requests — In MONITOR.NLM utility, it shows users read and write requests that are waiting to be serviced by the server. When this number stays consistently high, it indicates a possible bottleneck with disk I/O.

Current Licensed Connect — The number of connections active out of the Maximum Licensed Connections.

Current Service Processes — The number of service processes currently allocated by the system. This number should be less than the Maximum Service Processes.

Cursor — A symbol on a computer monitor that shows you where on the screen the next character typed will appear. It is usually displayed as a flashing vertical line (caret), square, underline or similar character.

Cut — To remove selected information from a file and place in the Clipboard. This precedes "pasting".

Cut-and-Paste — A method of moving data into another document or file, which could be for a different but compatible application.

CX Command — The Change Context Command used to change context in the NDS tree.

Cylic Redundancy Check (CRC) — An error-detection scheme that (a) uses parity bits generated by polynomial encoding of digital signals, (b) appends those parity bits to the digital signal, and (c) uses decoding algorithms that detect errors in the received digital signal. Note: Error correction, if required, may be accomplished through the use of an automatic repeat-request (ARQ) system.

Cylinder — A group of tracks on the hard disks platters. A cylinder is numbered according to the tracks it references.